Adolf Hitler was Evil but not Monstrous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolf Hitler was Evil but not Monstrous - Essay Example The entire Germany and the entire army welcomed most of Hitler’s policies. As a leader, he was very effective in perpetuating his foreign policy because the public supported him. Now, does this make the whole German public evil or monstrous as well? There was a desire to raise Germany from defeat and humiliation and Hitler shared this goal. The claim of being evil and being a monster is largely driven by Hitler’s foreign policy because he looked after the welfare of his people. His actions oriented towards the outer world are the ones that could be considered evil and monstrous. But this is even complicated by the fact that Germany was at war and it was bound to commit atrocities and may have partly been compelled to do evil in order to win.Adolf Hitler was also affectionate towards his people; he brought about many reforms and actions that benefit the German public in the local policy making domain. He has also had the capacity for human emotions and the ability to exp ress them. This is excellently depicted in the movie made in 2004 with a title, â€Å"The Downfall† (Palmer). The movie showed Hitler’s last few days during the Second World War. It told us of a complex man with capabilities for affection as he interacted with people and responded to circumstances. The movie depicted Hitler as a man who expresses a wide range of human and positive emotions especially those close to his life. On this account, one cannot argue that Hitler is utterly or completely monstrous.

Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example for Free

Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay We are seeing the influence of psychosocial stress on the course of bipolar disorder being increasingly recognized. Child adversity is not just a topic that is discussed, but is a topic that is real in the society in which we live. Child adversity can hit close to home. A child experiences this by being in a state or instance of serious or continued difficulty (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Situations of these types are terrible to see and can affect the child, but just not as children. These types of situations could include: verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, parental death, bullying, or even poverty. The effects of these types of situations can carry on into an individuals adulthood as well as concerning his/her physical and mental well-being. See what we are looking into is not just child adversity, but another topic as well. The question being asked is, Does early child adversity make bipolar disorder more likely? Individuals have their own views and opinions on this topic and question. In this hypothesis testing, a description of the research issue and a hypothesis statement, regarding the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis will be addressed. For the accuracy of the research issue, the population will have to be determined and the sampling method to help in generating the sample. The data will be described as to how it was collected, the level of  measurement, and the statistical technique used in helping of the task of analyzing the data. All these steps will help in the explanation of the findings. EARLY CHILD ADVERSITY AND THE BIPOLAR DISORDER In understanding the meaning of child adversity, we want to look at the meaning of the term, bipolar disorder. Here we arent just focusing on child adversity; we are focusing on both to see if the child adversity emphasizes bipolar disorder more likely. According to U.S. National Library of Medicine (2014), Bipolar disorder is a condition in which a person has periods of depression and periods of being extremely happy or being cross or irritable In addition to these mood swings, the person has extreme changes in activity and energy (Bipolar Disorder). Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Bipolar disorder affects both men and women, usually occurring between the ages of 15-25. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. However, there are factors involved that cause or trigger the occurrences. As we are researching, we are finding environment plays a role. According to Mayo Clinic (2014), An individuals stress, abuse, significant loss, or other traumatic experiences can contribute to this disorder (Causes). All these factors and experiences listed can take place in a childs life, whether we want to admit it or not. Most of the time, more often than we would care to talk about. This connection gives us a starting point in developing our hypothesis. With a research issue, it is essential a hypothesis be formulated. Hypothesis is a prediction often based on informal observation, previous research, or theory that is testing in a research study (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 108). In a research study, the testing is referred to as a hypothesis procedure. We must first state a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis. Research hypothesis is a statement in a hypothesis testing procedure about the predicted relation between populations. Null hypothesis is a statement about a relation between populations that is the opposite of the research hypothesis (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 108). The null  hypothesis is often said to be the opposite of what is being predicted. For this study, the research hypothesis is, Early child adversity makes bipolar disorder more likely. The null hypothesis is, Early child adversity does not make bipolar disorder more likely. In any hypothesis testing procedure, there is great emphasis in determining the population and the sampling method the researcher is using to generate the sample, The population is the entire group of people to which the researcher intends the results of a study to apply. The sample is the scores of a particular group of people studied (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 84). For this research issue, the population would include participants consisting of 58 adults, including 29 males and 29 females. These individuals have a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. According to National Institute of Mental Health (2012), Bipolar I disorder is defined by manic and mixed episodes that last at least seven days. Usually depressive episodes occur as well, lasting at least two weeks (How is Bipolar Diagnosed?). The sampling method used to generate the sample would be classified as nonrandom samples. With this sample method, the probability selection cannot be accurately determined. In using the nonrandom sampling method, we are focusing on the type judgmental/purposive sampling. These individuals of 58 are being chosen with a specific purpose in mind. These individuals are fit for the research compared to other individuals (Concepts and Definitions, n.d.). This sampling method makes perfect since we are attempting to research if child adversity is a contributing factor to bipolar disorder. THE DATA Regarding the 58 adults of men and women, the data would be collected and evaluated every three months, all the way up to a year. This information would be collected by structured interviews discussing stressful life events pertaining to and dealing with early child adversity. In analyzing the data, the best statistical technique to use would be the t test for independent means. T test for independent means is a hypothesis testing procedure in which there are two separate groups of people tested (Aron, Aron, Coups,  2013, p. 84). Involved in this research issue is two separate groups of people with 29 male participants and 29 female participants. We are testing both of the same number, because we want to find out the conclusion as a whole about the people. Also, we tested equal amounts of both men and women, because they both are equally likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder (WebMD, 2014). The data would be analyzed using the five steps of the t test for independent means. Step one consists of stating the research hypothesis and the null hypothesis. Step two consists of determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution. Step three is determining the cutoff sample score on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected. Step four is determining the samples score on the comparison distribution. And last, step five is deciding to reject the null hypothesis by comparing steps three and four (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2013, p. 84). In following these steps to analyze the data, we can account for to either accept or reject the null hypothesis on early child adversity not making bipolar disorder more likely. CONCLUSION After going into detail of the research issue, formulating the hypothesis statement, determining the population, deciding and describing the sampling method, the task of collecting the data, the level of measurement, and the statistical technique for analyzing the data, now is the big intense moment. The results exhibited that the interaction of early child adversity severity and those stressful life events involved predicted an occurrence in a manner consistent with the research hypothesis for both the men and the women. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. There were some limitations to this research issue and the hypothesis testing procedure. The sample size and the number of past episodes were determined retrospectively, mainly through self-report. But, another thought to keep in mind is the individuals who experienced early child adversity had a significantly younger age of bipolar onset. Concerning this conclusion, it would be of great importance for the suggestion for further studies of stress mechanisms in bipolar disorder and of treatments designed to intervene early among those at risk. I would propose when and if the conditions of bipolar disorder are  identified, an effective treatment plan needs to be implemented. This approach would be of great benefit for the patients health, wellbeing, and longevity. Studies speak for themselves regarding childhood adversity being prevalent and having pervasive and long term impacts on mental and physical health. References Aron, A., Aron, E., Coups, E. (2013). Statistics for Psychology (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Concepts and Definitions. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ubos.org/Compendium2012/NonRandomSamplingDesign.html Mayo Clinic. (2014). _Bipolar Disorder Causes_. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/basics/causes/con-20027544 Merriam-Webster. (2014). _Adversity_. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adversity National Institute of Mental Health. (2012). _Bipolar Disorder in Adults_. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-adults/index.shtml U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014). _Bipolar Disorder_. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001924/

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 :: World War II History

Strategic Bombing During World War 2 "World War 2 was a war fought in two distinct phases. The first was the last war of a new generation. The second was emphatically the first of a new era" . "The British strategic bomber campaign was of doubtful cost effectiveness" . Bomber Command was by far the largest claimant on labour and factory space within the armed forces. Relative to their size they suffered more casualties than any other sector. The Anglo-American bomber force was divided in terms of strategy. Bomber Command believed it was too risky to bomb by day, while the Americans believed it was too difficult to bomb by night. Initially both forces lacked accurate navigational equipment, which deterred them from precision bombing. Germany developed a 'night fighter' force to counteract the bomber fleet. They were equipped with an on board radar, which enabled them to locate the bombers in the darkness. The German industry was sub-divided in an attempt to minimise the effectiveness of bombing raids. Both the Britain and Germany made substantial scientific developments throughout the course of the war. Prior to the development of the Lancaster, the British Air Force lacked a long-range bomber, capable of carrying substantial bomb loads. Wattson Watt foresaw the need for an early detection system; he developed the 'Radiolocation' system, which alerted Britain to invading forces. The German Air Force developed an on board radar, called the 'Metric system', which was equipped to German night fighters. Bomber Harris believed in the theory of 'carpet bombing'. Nick named 'butcher Harris'; he was known as the man who supported such campaigns as Dresden. He believed in breaking the morale of the German people. The strategic bombing campaign significantly shortened the length of the war. It disabled the production industry and weakened the German morale. Between Jan. 12-23 of 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Casablanca, to plan the 'future global military strategy for the Western Allies'. The work of the conference was primarily military; deciding on the invasion of Silicy, apportioning forces to the Pacific theatre and outlining major lines of attack in the Far East. Most important of all was Roosevelt's claims for the "unconditional surrender" from Germany, Italy, and Japan. Hamburg was largely responsible for the production of German U-boats. Subsequently it was the target of numerous air raids. In an attempt to protect the fragile industry, three huge anti-aircraft artilleries were built.

Grades Encourage Students to Learn Essay

These days there are a lot of discussions over education in many colleges and universities. One of the matters under consideration is whether grades encourage students to learn. Some people think that students are not encouraged to learn by grades. From my point of view, I believe that marks actually stimulate students to study for the three following reasons: First of all, grade obviously is a good way to estimate students. If a student gets a good mark, he could feel proud of this result. Moreover, he could be praised for his studiousness as well as intelligence by his teacher and parents and get admiration from his friends. As a result, he would try his best to get at least the same grade in the next time. On the contrary, students getting bad grades would give their whole mind on to their study so as to get higher grades and not be dropped back. In short, grades motivate students to learn much more just because they are supposed as a mirror reflecting students’ performances. Second, grade could enable students clearly understand their performance as well as help them become aware of their strengths and weaknesses. For instance, when I was in high school, I always got good marks in English tests and I realized that I had an aptitude for English. So I decided to choose English as my major at Huflit university. And now, I always get good grades, even excellent ones in English. This makes me feel satisfied with my choice. I will also choose a job as teacher of English after graduating from the university. If there had not been grades, I think I wouldn’t have known what major really suitable for me and I would not be pleased with my present major. So, grade plays an essential role in students’ study. Furthermore, students with good grades could easily reach their dreams in study and career. They have more opportunities to get noble rewards in the national as well as international examinations. Also, attending prestigious universities would become easy for them. This will help heighten their job and promotion opportunities after graduating form those universities especially in today’s ompetitive labor market. For this reason, students always try to get high grades to gain a lot of advantages in their lives. In short, grade actually encourages students to learn much more simply because students are not only evaluated by grades, but also know clearly their strong and weak points. And specially, students with good marks could have much more chances to achieve success in life. So, there is a question for all of us: â€Å"What would happen to students if there was not grade? †

Provide Support for Mobility

Provide support for mobility (HSC 2002) Outcome 1 Understand the importance of mobility 1. define mobility Mobility is defined as, * being able to move or be moved freely and easily * the ability to move physically * The ability to move a part of the body 2. explain how different health conditions may affect and be affected by mobility No matter an individuals age, level of disability or infirmity it is important that everyone maintains some level of exercise. There are a vast range of disabilities and conditions which can result in mobility difficulties.Some of the most common on-going or permanent conditions result from muscular and skeletal disabilities and from on-going medical conditions which affect mobility. Some examples of disabilities and conditions which can have an impact on mobility are: Back and neck problems, accidents or injury leading to long term disability, arthritis and any other condition affecting the joints, dementia, amputation, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosi s, partial or total paralysis, cerebral palsy and head injury.Other conditions such as respiratory and cardiac diseases, epilepsy, diabetes, cancer and AIDS can all have an impact on co-ordination, dexterity, strength, speed and stamina. There are a vast range of health conditions which can be improved by mobility, here are a few. After an individual has suffered a stroke areas of their body will be weak and it is important that a physiotherapist devises a programme of exercise to strengthen the weak areas in order to regain the mobility.After joint surgery such as hip replacement exercise is key to making a full recovery and mobility of the joint. For individuals who are asthmatic or with chest problems, exercise can expand airways to make breathing easier. 3. outline the effects that reduced mobility may have on an individual’s well-being Both mobility and physical difficulties, and regular or constant pain can impact on an individual’s overall sense of wellbeing. So me people may be affected at times by low-self esteem and self confidence, and motivational difficulties.Keeping mobile is extremely important for health and for giving an individual increased self esteem and a sense of well being. It is vital as we get older to maintain our mobility, to help us remain active as an elderly person and avoid having to sit in a chair all day. Being mobile enables individuals to remain independent. Being able to go when and where they want when they want without having to rely on others for assistance can make a major difference to individuals lives. 4. describe the benefits of maintaining and improving mobility.It is important to maintain and improve mobility and this can be done through exercise. The benefits of exercise for any individual regardless of the level of their disability are both physical and an emotional improvement in their condition. Physically exercise increases heart and lung activity which improves and strengthens the cardiovascular system, which controls breathing and blood circulation. Physical exercise also increases the use of muscles which improves the muscles strength and tone. It also improves sleep and burns calories to keep our weight balanced.Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the â€Å"diseases of affluence† such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. It also improves mental health, helps prevent depression and helps to promote or maintain positive self esteem. By maintaining and improving an individual’s mobility it will increase their independence and freedom to choose actions and destinations. Outcome 2 Be able to prepare for mobility activities The learner can: 1. gree mobility activities with the individual and others Exercise can be both formal and informal. It could also take place as a group or as an individual. Exercise as a formal programme will be assessed by a physiotherapist and will help to inc rease mobility, improve strength stamina or suppleness. An exercise programme has usually been devised by a specialist in order to meet a specific outcome, so it is important to encourage the individual to follow the programme by explaining it’s importance and getting them to agree with it.You need to carry out an exercise programme exactly as specified in the care plan and record and report the outcomes and any problems at each step. Others involved in an individual’s mobility activities could include an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, G. P. or community nurse. If the mobility activities are less formal and the outcome required is to maintain the individual’s mobility on a daily basis this can be done through active support and encouragement. You should encourage the individual to do things for themselves and participate in activity and exercise where possible.An example would be to encourage their participation in household activities You should ident ify and agree with the individual the best way for them to maintain their mobility and any preferences to the form of exercise they prefer. It is important to ensure the individual agrees as it is important they are willing to participate in order for the programme to work. 2. remove or minimise hazards in the environment before beginning a mobility activity It is important to carry out a risk assessment of the environment prior to beginning a mobility activity.This is to ensure the health and safety of the individual and yourself and prevent any accidents or injuries from occurring. You need to carry out a risk assessment in relation to both the activity and the individual. This will include * The floor surface is safe and free of trip hazards * The support the individual needs in the area of equipment and number of carers * Ensure any walking aids to be used are being used properly and have been measured correctly for size of the individualIf the individual is wheelchair bound or bed bound * Ensure the chair/bed is stable and the brakes are on 3. check the suitability of an individual’s clothing and footwear for safety and mobility The individual should be wearing comfortable, easy wear clothing items to allow for mobility and unrestricted movement. Shoes should be comfortable and firm and offer good support and with non slip soles. The correct type of clothing is also important to preserve an individual’s dignity if they are bending and stretching. . check the safety and cleanliness of mobility equipment and appliances. Any equipment used should be checked to ensure it is safe and clean before use. Any walking aids should be measured correctly and be the correct size for the individual. Usually any equipment to be used will be recommended by a professional such as a physiotherapist or occupational therapist, who will ensure the individual can used the aid correctly and safely. Walking sticks – for an individual needing some support, mai nly to give confidenceTo ensure a walking stick is the correct height for the individual you need to ask them to hold the stick in the hand opposite their â€Å"bad† side if there is one otherwise in their dominant hand eg right or left handed. Their hand should be level with the top of their thigh when resting on the stick, elbow slightly bent, shoulders level. Ensure the ferrule (suction foot) is not worn to avoid the stick slipping when leant on. Quadrupeds and tripods – for individuals who have difficulty walking on one particular leg Quadrupeds are for individuals with very poor mobility in one leg such as hip r knee degeneration or stroke. To ensure this is the correct size use the same method as described for the walking stick and again check the ferrules are not worn. Walking frames – for individuals needing considerable support Again use the same method to measure if they are the correct size as with the walking stick and again check the ferrules are no t worn. Wheelchair All wheelchairs should be fitted with the appropriate cushions to minimise the risk of developing pressure area problems Outcome 3 Be able to support individuals to keep mobile 1. romote the active participation of the individual during a mobility activity Active participation is a way of working that recognises an individual’s right to participate in the activities of everyday life as independently as possible; the individual is regarded as an active partner in their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient. It is important to encourage active participation of the individual during a mobility exercise through encouragement and support. You should encourage them to stretch just a little more or try one more repetition, providing it is following the set plan of care.Instead of clearing away their crockery after a meal, encourage them to assist you where possible. Don’t use a wheelchair to move an individual around just because it is quicke r. It is important to give an individual the time to do things at their pace rather than at yours. Sometimes a specific piece of equipment may be able to be used to assist the individual to participate in the move. For example – an individual may be able to transfer themselves from a wheelchair to a chair either by the use of a transfer board or simply by sing their upper body strength to slide across, once you have removed the wheelchair arm for them. This encourages the individual to exercise their upper body muscles and actively participate in the move, rather than you using a hoist to transfer them. 2. give feedback and encouragement to the individual during mobility activities. It is important to encourage and support an individual during mobility activities. This will increase their confidence and affect how well the individual carries out the activity.It is also important to ensure that the exercise is not too difficult or painful for the individual as this will make t hem reluctant to participate. Always report this if the individual is suffering pain or discomfort during the activity. Discuss any reluctance they may have to participate with them especially if the plan of care advises they are capable of the activity. It may be a lack of confidence or fear of falling which is stopping them from participating. Gentle encouragement, support and discussion will encourage the individual to be more willing to attempt the activity.Never be tempted to change the exercise activity which a physiotherapist has recommended, because an individual finds it easier as this could cause further mobility problems or pain. You can give an individual feedback on their improved mobility. Remind them of how much they have improved since starting the mobility activities, for example, â€Å"When you started these moves Mrs B you could only do five repetitions now you can do fifteen and twice as quickly†. Outcome 4 Be able to observe, record and report on activiti es to support MobilityThe learner can: 1. observe an individual to monitor changes and responses during a mobility activity As a carer you are in a good position to be able to monitor changes and responses to an individual’s mobility activity. These observations are vital when planning the care an individual needs. If you observe the individual having difficulties or improvements in their mobility, if the individual complains of pain or suffers the loss of confidence in a particular technique, it is important to report and record this.Who you report these changes to, will depend on the plan of care but it could be your senior or manager, the GP, community nurse, occupational therapist or physiotherapist. For example As a carer it may be your role to encourage and monitor how many times an individual is able to squeeze a rubber ball, to strengthen their hand and arm muscles after a stroke. By counting and reporting on the number of repetitions carried out you will enable the p hysiotherapist to see any improvements in the individual’s mobility. 2. record observations of mobility activityRecording an individual’s progress on a mobility activity is important. You need to carry out an exercise programme exactly as specified in the care plan and record and report the outcomes and any problems at each step. This is necessary as the physiotherapist will need to review what progress the individual is making, so that the exercise programme can be adjusted as and when needed. You will need to note how often the individual carried out the exercises and if you noticed any improvement to their flexibility or strength, alertness, general level of fitness and mobility.This should be recorded in the care plan notes. 3. report on progress and/or problems relating to the mobility activity including: * choice of activities If an individual enjoys a particular form or type of mobility activity, this should be recorded so that other are aware. It should also be reported to the person in charge of their mobility activity plan eg Physiotherapist. They will then be able to write an exercise plan to suit the individual based on the type of activities they enjoy.There are numerous mobility activities which individuals could take part in, some as a group activity and some as individuals, formal and informal. It is important that an individual agrees with the activity and also cooperates in it otherwise the activity will not take place or benefit them. * Equipment * Appliances These are items which assist an individual to become or continue to be mobile, by providing support. This includes walking sticks, crutches, quadrupeds and walking frames, transfer boards, wheelchairs, mobility scooters etc.It is important to monitor and regularly check how an individual is progressing when using any type of mobility appliance or equipment. As their mobility changes so might the aid they need for support change. If an individual has been using mobility equ ipment or appliance for support, whilst recovering from an injury or illness, it is important to encourage them to manage without it, before they become too dependent on it. If you feel an individual is not managing to use an appliance or piece of equipment correctly or safely, you should report this immediately the support provided. It is important to immediately report on any problems regarding the mobility support provided to an individual. This could be that you feel the support is inadequate or even excessive. For example the plan of care advises two carers assist the individual to move with the aid of a hoist, where you feel one carer would be sufficient as the individual is able and willing to use a transfer board, because their mobility had improved. You should always report accurately any observations you make regarding an individual’s support needs.

Pro-Life vs Pro_choice essays

Pro-Life vs Pro_choice essays For the last 31 years a battle has been raging among people of all ages and races, in every part of not only the country but the world, and perpetuates some of the most heated debates we have ever known. It causes strife among families and churches. It makes us think about our own morals and principles. It makes us say and do things that, normally, we would never think of doing. Things like yelling at people we have never met before, getting arrested in a strange city, spending hundreds of dollars a year to fly to new places to defend our opinions. That battle is between people who believe abortion is a positive thing and people who believe abortion is a negative thing. Pro-lifers and pro-choicers battle it out on the streets of our nation everyday and some of us arent even aware of it. Pro-lifers have three main beliefs. The first is that the fetus inside the mother is fully human from the point of conception. The second, abortion is fundamentally a civil rights issue, not a religious one, and third, that because the fetus inside the mother is fully human, abortion is morally wrong. These arguments have been used throughout the last 31 years an just about everyone has heard them once or twice in their lifetimes. Pro-choicers have counter-arguments that have been thought about just as hard and long. Abortion is a abortion thing because the earth is becoming overpopulated. Every child born should be a wanted child. The fetus is part of the mothers body and , therefore, she should be able to do with it what she wants. Youve heard all these as well, Im sure. These are the most common arguments on the pro-choice side. But before you can counter-attack most of these, on either side, you have to beg the question What constitutes humanity? Personally, I believe that a human life begins at conception. The child has its own DNA, its own fingerprints and it ...

These 5 Microsoft Word tweaks that will make your resume shine

These 5 Microsoft Word tweaks that will make your resume shine A good resume is your foot in the door at the best companies. Even if you have a solid background filled with relevant jobs that make you an ideal candidate, you still need your resume’s formatting to sing. Your number one goal is to make it easier and faster for recruiters to read (and fall in love with) your resume. Remember, you likely have only a quick glance of a few seconds to make a first impression- anything sloppy, out of place, or distracting might send you right into the reject pile before a recruiter has even read one word. Read on for the basic checklist you should use to make sure everything is clean and professional in MS Word before you attach and send away.1. Show/Hide formatting and fix sloppiness.Utilize the Show/Hide feature to see if everything is laid out neatly by clicking the button that looks like a backwards â€Å"P† on your Home toolbar or clicking Ctrl+8 or command+8. Now, you can see all the paragraphs you’ve made and your use of spac ebar vs. tabs. Using the now-visible marks, standardize all spaces and delete any that don’t belong. This is your chance to clean up all the messy bits of DIY formatting you did that might not translate well across computers.At this point, align all of your content uniformly. Use the tab stop menu in the top left corner of your document, just to the left of the ruler. Click until you see the tab stop you want, then click the ruler where you want that stop to be. Use bullets for consistent (and easier to adjust) spacing when you’re listing experiences or skills, and use the Line and Paragraph Spacing tool to manage the size of spaces in-between sections, sentences, bullets, and paragraphs.2. Insert a header and footer.Use the header and footer feature to make use of all the precious space you have. You don’t have a lot of space to work with on one page, so you want to use the body of your resume to list skills, work history, and education. Don’t waste this space with contact information- put that at the top and bottom. Just use the â€Å"Insert† tab drop menu to find the kind of header/footer formatting you want, then go nuts.3. Go bold and use bullets.Bold job titles to make them pop. Then, use bolded headers to delineate your sections, and under them, use bullets to list your skills and relevant bits of detail. Formatting your resume like this makes it easy to follow, clean, and organized. Keep your bullet style neat and simple- in most cases, a resume is not the time for creativity.4. Prioritize.Put your best and most relevant experience and skills at the top, moving all the rest (especially if it’s basically filler) to lower sections. The recruiter’s eye reads the top few lines first (and sometimes stops there!). Make sure your best stuff is most easy to find.5. Convert to PDF.To ensure security and to make sure your beautiful formatting work doesn’t get jumbled up on someone’s not-updated machi ne, make sure to click â€Å"Save as† and then convert your final resume into a PDF. A quick double check will show that this new uneditable document is ready to be uniformly read by any recruiters- just as you wanted them to see it.

You Signed Up for a Conference †Now What

You Signed Up for a Conference – Now What You paid your conference fee and reserved your motel room. Now what? Youre finally going to a writers conference, but now that you think about it, you arent sure what to do once you get there. First, make sure this is a conference that suits your needs. If you are unpublished and seeking agents or publishers, then dont stick to a conference that focuses on craft, and vice versa. Make sure the majority of the classes fit your goals.Second, while youre researching this conference, dig deeper and research the teachers, agents, and so on. What about these people merits sticking them up in front of a class? If you see teachers that really havent published much, think twice. Anybody can teach. You want teachers who have published and performed, as well. Third, participate in at least one critique or pitch session. Unless you are green as a gourd and just dipping your toe in the water, you have a piece youve been working on. Toss it into the fray and see what feedback you get. They might rip it up, but thats okay. You show youve got guts and you walk away much more educated than you were before. Fourth, plan your agenda. Dont wait until you get there to decide what you want to attend. They publish that schedule ahead of time for a reason. Map out your days and evenings to include the questions you want to ask and the goals you hope to achieve. Get the most of your sessions. Fifth, meet at least one new person per session. Speak to those at your table or seated around you. Theres a wealth of networking opportunity available to you at a conference, and that networking might be the biggest plus you come home with. Â  Sixth, plan your clothes. Sounds like a woman thing, right? Wrong. Youll be sitting for long periods of time. You might have to trek up and down stairs or from one end of the motel to the other to make classes. Look sharp but make it comfy. Throw in a scarf, the boots, or those special pieces of jewelry. Give the person you meet something to remember you Seventh, pack your writing stuff to include: = two copies of your WIP (just in case) = business cards (dont say WRITER/AUTHOR on it and avoid Vistaprint templates) = notebook Youll not only take notes, but youll dabble on your WIP as these productive ideas come to you in class. Ive rewritten chapters in class before as the teacher led me to a new concept. = name tag Theyll give you one, but consider having a permanent, professional one made. I have two: one with a magnet and one with a pin, so that they can go on anything I wear. People remember tags, and if yours is unique, theyll remember you more. = one-sheets See this article on one-sheets. These are marvelous if you are pitching and speak volumes about your creativity and professionalism. https://fundsforwriters.com/something-to-remember-you- Before the last day, take a moment to go over your notes and goals and determine what youre lacking, then approach the teacher, writer or agent while you can. Walk up and ask the question. Thats why they are there, and what you paid for. You can do this, and you can do it better if you go prepared.

Physiology research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physiology - Research Paper Example The researchers selected 128 children of patients with autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease as study participants, as they were at risk of carrying the mutation. The autosomal-dominant nature of the disease in these cases was determined by family pedigrees. The mutations known in these pedigrees included presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and amyloid precursor protein. The expected age of symptom onset for the participants was set as the age at which the parent was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. They studied several physiologic mechanisms occurring in these patients. First, they carried out clinical assessments of cognitive change using questionnaire-based scales, giving them a cognition score. This characterized the participants as normal cognitive function, very mild impairment, or mild impairment. Brain imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to screen for any pre-existing brain disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning was done to determine any regions of fibrillar amyloid deposition, and decreased metabolism. They also analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for concentrations of tau, and beta-amyloid. They found that 50% of the asymptomatic study participants were carriers of the mutation for Alzheimer’s. The carriers had lower cognitive scores and at an earlier age, compared to non-carriers of the mutation. The carriers also developed bilateral hippocampal atrophy, seen on MRI, 15 years before expected symptom onset. Through PE scanning, they detected a selective decrease in the metabolism of the precuneus region of the brain in carriers, 10 years before expected symptom onset. Mutation carriers also had significant amyloid deposition in the precuneus region at 15 years before symptom onset, while non-carriers did not have any amyloid deposition there. Levels of CSF tau protein and plasma amyloid were elevated in the carriers 15 years before symptom onset,

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International trade - Essay Example Tariffs and quotas allow domestic industry to reap more profits than it would do under free trade. Pertinently tariffs and quotas are fairly transparent, when compared to other forms of trade interventions (Kenen, 2000: 177). However, loss to the economy and society from the protection of tariffs and quotas is higher as the loss to the consumers exceeds the gain of the producer. According to the US Department of Labor, protectionism destroys eight jobs in general economy for every one saved in the protected economy (Miller and Elwood, 1998). Free trade, on the other hand, encourages nations to manufacture only those commodities in which they have specialization thus creating more and better job opportunities. Cross-national trade, thus, makes the rates of goods more competitive and allows goods to be shipped and traded internationally. Tariffs and quotas decrease the choice of goods for the consumers and raise the cost of doing business. Trade protectionism impedes economic growth, a nd its costs are far higher than its benefits. Apparent similarities apart, there are major conceptual and practical differences between quotas and tariffs. There is a general non-equivalence between tariffs and quotas. Quotas restrict the import of commodities, into the home country, in a given period of time. Through a quota, a country directly decreases the import of goods. It is a protectionist regime employed to benefit a few importers, and producers, of a particular commodity. Quota can also be referred to as the quantitative restriction on the import of goods. Kenen (2000:176) argues that quotas also provide an absolute limitation on the volume of imports. There can be a total ban of import of quantities exceeding the quota or they can be subject to a high duty rate. Transparency in the quota system is far less than that in tariff system. Normally, quotas are allocated without any

OUT OF THE LOOP IN SILICON VALLEY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OUT OF THE LOOP IN SILICON VALLEY - Essay Example So many start-up tech companies are set up in the region annually, but nearly all of them are led by men. Those exceptional ones that are founded by women face difficulties in getting funding for projects. So, despite being progressive in many respects, there is yet no complete acceptance of women in top managerial roles. Another issue raised by the article is the stereotyping of women’s possible career paths right from high-school. It is partly true that many girls do not have a natural inclination toward subjects such as math and science. But even those who show interests in these subjects are either discouraged, denied opportunity or under-funded in fulfilling their aspirations. A third key issue raised by Ms. Claire Miller is the practical difficulties faced by women entrepreneurs, especially young women who wanted to raise families. Such issues discussed in Out of the Loop are highly relevant to contemporary American society and are analyzed in detail by Jessica Valenti i n her popular recent book Full Frontal Feminism. In an attempt to bring awareness about Feminism to the younger generation of women, Valenti uses easy language and accessible real-life examples to illustrate her points.

The History of Deregulation of Aviation in the Airline Industry Research Paper

The History of Deregulation of Aviation in the Airline Industry - Research Paper Example According to Smith & Cox (2007), one decade of airline decontrol implementation led to 35% growths in the airline industry, through increased employment and passenger travel. The two economists say that traveling increased by 55 %, as the real travel cost decreased by approximately 17% in the major routes. They found that by the second decade, ticket prices decreased by 20% in real terms, while passengers served were 324 million. Historically, airline services were partially regulated, because of oligopoly and monopoly concerns, as only a few airlines provided flights that were direct between cities. The aim of the US airline deregulation was to control entries and reduce prices in the transport system in the United States. Since then, many other nations have seen the need to deregulate their domestic airline markets, and this has effectively been applied in European Union airline markets. Today a big number of international airline markets are subject to tight airline regulations. In the United States, airline deregulation was born from the 1925 Air Mail Act and the 1926 Air Commerce Act. Serious commercial aviation economic regulation began in 1938 with Civil Aeronautics Act passage. The creation of the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) gave it the power to regulate and control airline routes as well as market entry and exit, and mandate service rates. Later, airline safety regulation was passed together with the 1958 Federal Aviation Act that bore Federal Aviation Administration. By 1938, US government was regulating much commercial aviation in terms of routes, schedules, and fare. The three main functions of the CAB are regulating airline route, limiting new market entrances by air carriers, and regulation  of passenger carriers.

How advertising has changed the perception of womens self-esteem Essay

How advertising has changed the perception of womens self-esteem - Essay Example This essay "How advertising has changed the perception of women’s self-esteem" describes the alteration in women’s self-esteem brought by the media and advertising as they experience great pressure to cope and adapt to the world around them. Contemporary western culture strongly eulogizes the virtues of products and interventions which seek to enhance one’s physical appearance, through aggressive advertisement campaigns aimed at appealing to the sensibilities of the vulnerable target groups – the female consumers. This is evident from the gamut of television advertisements promoting and advocating the merits of medical alterations and the use of cosmetic products which promises the proverbial "fountain of youth" to the ageing population, and enhanced sex appeal to the youth. Such an increased penetration of medical marketing and cosmetics as tools to increase one's social standing and elevate their likeability within the contemporary society has generated a greater awareness regarding such products and at the same time, significantly transformed the very definition of "ideal beauty". It now encompasses a term which refers to the achievement of unrealistic beauty standards which are acquired through the normalization of an individual's body which are in sync with the digitally enhanced images and those unattainable through natural means, i.e., cosmetic surgery. The fixation with slenderness as an ideal body type and an unrivalled eagerness to conform to the widely accepted social standards of beauty has provided an added boost to the cosmetics industry.

The History of Deregulation of Aviation in the Airline Industry Research Paper

The History of Deregulation of Aviation in the Airline Industry - Research Paper Example According to Smith & Cox (2007), one decade of airline decontrol implementation led to 35% growths in the airline industry, through increased employment and passenger travel. The two economists say that traveling increased by 55 %, as the real travel cost decreased by approximately 17% in the major routes. They found that by the second decade, ticket prices decreased by 20% in real terms, while passengers served were 324 million. Historically, airline services were partially regulated, because of oligopoly and monopoly concerns, as only a few airlines provided flights that were direct between cities. The aim of the US airline deregulation was to control entries and reduce prices in the transport system in the United States. Since then, many other nations have seen the need to deregulate their domestic airline markets, and this has effectively been applied in European Union airline markets. Today a big number of international airline markets are subject to tight airline regulations. In the United States, airline deregulation was born from the 1925 Air Mail Act and the 1926 Air Commerce Act. Serious commercial aviation economic regulation began in 1938 with Civil Aeronautics Act passage. The creation of the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) gave it the power to regulate and control airline routes as well as market entry and exit, and mandate service rates. Later, airline safety regulation was passed together with the 1958 Federal Aviation Act that bore Federal Aviation Administration. By 1938, US government was regulating much commercial aviation in terms of routes, schedules, and fare. The three main functions of the CAB are regulating airline route, limiting new market entrances by air carriers, and regulation  of passenger carriers.

Your thirst and hunger centers tell you that you are dehydrated and Assignment

Your thirst and hunger centers tell you that you are dehydrated and hungry - Assignment Example Your starting point should be anatomical position. Instructions: (Part 1) Specify the movements, muscles, bones, and joints involved in reaching for the glass and bringing it to your mouth. As in the previous Application Assignment, explain any and all movements individually across each joint involved specifying the actions involved (i.e. flexion, extension, etc.), the muscles causing such actions, the bones being pulled on by said muscles, the types of joints involved, and how these movements collectively relate to the overall scenario/movements in this application. (Part 2) Trace the path of the water from the mouth to the urethra, listing the path in as much detail as possible. Be very specific and very detailed. Your answer should include both the digestive and renal systems. (Part 3) You finally go in for some chicken wings. Specify the movements, muscles, bones and joints involved in opening your mouth and chewing those scrumptious wings. Once again, explain any and all movemen ts individually across each joint involved specifying the actions involved (i.e. flexion, extension, etc.), the muscles causing such actions, the bones being pulled on by said muscles, the types of joints involved, and how these movements collectively relate to the overall scenario/movements in this application. (Part 4) Trace the path of â€Å"the wings† from the mouth to the anus, listing the path in as much detail as possible. ... Then, the palm is placed on glass, grip is fastened by closing the fingers (phalanges) and glass is taken to the mouth for drinking with the help of elbow joint and articulations of three bones namely the humerus, radius, and ulna. Part 2: Water enters the mouth and flows through the pharynx. From pharynx into esophagus and finally it enters the stomach, where is mixed with the rest of the food. Leaving stomach through pylorus, into 12-inch long beginning part of bowel, where most of it is absorbed into the arterial blood stream, through tentacle-shaped absorbing part of the bowel. After entering the blood stream, water is adsorbed into the cells, where it accumulates cell excretions. Then this water enters the venal blood stream that is sent to the kidneys through the heart. However this is not done immediately as most of the water still circulates in the body until it has accumulated enough wastes to be released in the kidneys. Then it goes to the blood filtration part inside the k idney, where blood elements remain in blood stream, and water with Impurities is expelled from the blood stream. That "waste water" is collected in bladder, until enough amount is collected to be economically released, through urethra. Part 3: The mandible is the only movable part in the human skull, which plays a vital role in the act of chewing also known as mastication. The muscles involved are collectedly referred to as muscles of mastication. To chew the chicken wings, initially the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle helps to depress and protrude the mandible forward, which opens the jaw. Then Masseter muscle, temporalis muscle and Medial Pterygoid muscle help to retract and elevate the mandible

Interview people about the economy Essay Example for Free

Interview people about the economy Essay The people of the Orange County are an optimistic bunch. Yet, one can see this optimism slowly fading away into the darkness. For a country which is so close to perhaps world’s biggest entertainment hub, this is not a pretty picture. It would be wrong to blame the people. Little has gone right for the county since the economic recession of 2008, the effects of which are still quite visible. For a county which was already suffering from one of the more serious unemployment problems than compared to the average figures of the United States of America, the recession of 2008 has spelt doom, and its repercussions can still be felt. Take the case of the 34-year old Mr. Matthews who had a small shop selling electronic goods. However, with most people who gave him patronage, out of jobs or saving up for the bleak future, there are no takers for his once steadily selling shop of television sets and radios. His only hope is a government bailout, so that his customers have more money in their hands, or in other words greater purchasing power so as to indirectly get him out of this mess. Mr. Matthews situation is in complete contrast with Mrs. Mosby who is a secretary with the local government authority. She has been affected very little by the 2008 economic recession but maintains that she is concerned about a lot of her friends, whose businesses have shut or who have been shown the door in their jobs. The only consequence of this recession on her is that while her pay has not increased, prices of many commodities of even general use have gone by which makes it difficult for her to make the ends of her household meet. She is for the moment thankful that she has a government job, but strongly advocates that it is the state’s responsibility to find her fellow citizens a job which at the very least promises them adequate means of survival. Recession and the deteriorating economic situation is a concern not only to those who are currently affected by it, but also those who may be affected by it in the future. Take the case of 24-year old Mike, who is a final year student at the local university. He agrees that the heat in the air can be felt by all, and even though his university manages to put together a small career fair every year, it seems a difficult proposition this year. Although in the top half of his class, Mike admits that getting a job which helps him repay his educational loans he took for college, at least currently, seems to be a daunting task. He is hopeful that by the time he graduates, the situation would improve. He doesn’t make a case for out and out state intervention, but hopes that the state would help big economic powerhouses by giving them incentives and subsidies. Things have turned sour for those who are self-employed as well. Take the instance of a lawyer who has his own practice, Miss Timberlake. Litigation has become suddenly too expensive, and people seem to prefer to hold up matters for now. Even matters of home foreclosure have got delayed for now. People are looking at otherwise normal litigation procedures as a luxury service, which they are unable to afford at the moment, and are not as big a priority as say medical and health expenditure. Health insurance companies are facing the heat as no other according to Jeff, who works at one of the biggest insurance companies. The health and medical costs have spiraled over the last few years. The fact that people have very little disposal income, and are defaulting on their regular premium payments is making the matters worse for the insurance companies. Their being no solution in sight, people are turning to each other and urging them to perform acts of gratitude. For instance, appeals are being made to doctors and other hospital staff to give up a day’s pay. People are becoming much more cautious and conservative in spending their money. For instance, the younger siblings are getting their older siblings clothes. The insurance companies don’t have enough cash flowing in so as to be able to cope up with the increasing medical costs. This spells a disaster not just for one or two companies, but for two industries which are vital to the US economy – health and insurance. Whether there is a way out of this mess is the million dollar question facing everyone right now. The companies in both sectors, however, are optimistic and hope to see things improving with the Obama administration. Obama’s success in being able to pass the health insurance bill is being seen as a huge positive and people seem to be oddly comforted by his words of promise. Job creation is what people are currently looking forward to. Perhaps, the only sections of the society who have nothing to lose right now are the school going children. However, it is amazing how the economic crisis has made way into their everyday conversations as well. David who is only 14 is angry at the whole situation. He maintains that the whole crisis is the fault of the government, which allowed risky investments to be made. He is also unhappy about the liberal policies which have allowed a bulk of the work to be outsourced to other destinations where labour is much cheaper. Stricter laws are needed, he argues emphatically. Those who are retired have been hit badly as well. Their pension schemes and other insurance amounts are simply not enough for them to be able to make their ends meet. Home foreclosures are likely and in the offing, and this has most of them worried. Take the case of Mr. Andrews, who is 66 years old and survives on a small pension scheme. Recently the prices of even basic consumables have risen so sharply risen that he is finding it difficult to make the ends meet. His old age means that it is much more difficult for him to find a job as compared to other freshers just out of college. He is worried that if the State fails to take some concrete steps soon, many Americans could be tinkering on the verge of starving poverty. Take the case of Mr. Murdoch who is a stock market analyst and broker. In the economic recession of 2008, he lost close to $100,000. He says that he is devastated and doesn’t know if there is any hope remaining for his business, and whether he will be able to revive it in the near future. He is currently torn between the idea of continuing his business, or taking up a small job somewhere. However, he himself laughs at the irony of it all, given that it would be near impossible to find a job anywhere. He also feels responsible to many of his clients, who he was acting for, and have lost a considerable amount of money in the stock market. At the same time, however, he is quick to point out that investment in the market is subject to market risks, and therefore, one is understood to have assumed the same.

Ethnic Conflict Or Insurgency In Nepal Politics Essay

Ethnic Conflict Or Insurgency In Nepal Politics Essay Although the unification of Nepal began in the later-half of the eighteenth century, integrating many small principalities and emerging as a nation state of the Westphalian model, Nepal always remained a multiethnic, diverse country without having any core ethno-federal region.  [1]  While Nepal did not experience any significant ethnic problem for almost two and half centuries after it came into being, some of its ethnic groups enjoyed more privilege in the socio-politico-economic sector than others. Yet, after the establishment of a democratic system in 1990, grievances of underprivileged groups surfaced. As the ethnic grievances were burgeoning, the abrupt start of the Maoist insurgency in 1996 overshadowed all ethnic movements, assimilating them into the large-scale Maoist rebellion. Thus, it is difficult to classify the Nepalese ethnic problem and perceive it either as an ethnic conflict, ethnic violence, or a rebel movement. Prior to the initiation of the Maoists armed move ment, ethnic problems in Nepal were based on political, economic, social, and cultural issues, limited, to the level of conflict but did not escalated to the level of violence. However, with the beginning of the Maoist insurgency, the Nepalese conflict turned into an ideological based violent political power struggle against the existing government by a rebel organization. While there may be different interpretations and perceptions regarding whether the Maoist movement was successful or not; one thing is clear, it was successful in outmaneuvering the then governing regime becoming the largest political party bloc in the Constitutional Assembly election. The puzzle remains why the ideological conflict was successful despite the proclamation of end of the history by Francis Fukuyama and a Clash of civilization as a form of future conflict by the eminent political scientist Samuel Huntington after the end of the Cold War.  [2]  My purpose in this paper is to analyze this divergent outcome in Nepal. There has a been a nascent ethnic awareness after the establishment of a democratic system in Nepal, yet, the political mobilization of ethnicity by elites would not have been possible without the political incentives to activate it. I argue that the intervention by the Nepalese Maoists mutated the nature of the ethnic conflict into a fusionist one. Before addressing the core question, I attempt to analyze the Nepalese ethnic conflict through different theoretical lenses. Nepalese Conflict from a Broad Perspective Generally, any ethnic conflict can be explained in the light of three broad approaches -situational, instrumental, and primordial. While explaining the various motivations of conflicts in Nepal, the situational and instrumental approaches seems to be more convincing than a primordial one.  [3]  However, some dimensions of primordial force cannot be ruled out; especially a rise of grievances caused by taking the lid off after the collapse of the monarchy in 2006. When the authoritarian Panchayat system ended in 1990, it had created a power vacuum in Nepalese politics. When political and ethnic entrepreneurs rushed in to fill the void, namely vested, as well as parochial interests weakened the state and formed new democratic institutions. Manipulating these opportunities of political chaos and ethnic grievances, the Maoists came entered the scene with a strategic objective of establishing a totalitarian communist regime. They divided the country into their own administrative units and subunits to consolidate and advance their struggle more effectively and efficiently. Their administrative division of the country based on ethnic lines validated their excessive reliance on ethnicity to achieve ideological strategic objectives.  [4]  According to Michael E. Brown, a single-factor explanation cannot fully explain the evolution and intensity of internal and ethnic conflict, rather he advances multiple arguments derived from in theory existing, causes of internal conflict. Therefore, the Nepalese conflict can also be analyzed by means of three main arguments underlying factors, catalytic or proximate factors, and a role played by domestic elites.  [5]   Underlying Causes of the Nepalese Conflict Four underlying factors suggest why the Nepalese situation and its geography contributed to ethnic conflict. First, the structural factors explain the likelihood of ethnic conflict in terms of weak states, intra-state security concerns, and ethnic geography. While other symptoms of weak states are also more or less prevalent in Nepal, where the political institutions remained in a rudimentary state. Some of the reasons for such an existence of rudimentary political institutions in Nepal are explainable by unhealthy inter-party political rivalry after the establishment of the multiparty democracy in 1990, and the legacy of 104 years of the Rana oligarchic, political system from 1846 through 1950. Some other endogenous factors such as endemic corruption, administrative incompetence, and inability to promote economic development also have contributed immensely as precursors to the conflict. When the Nepalese state became weak, the power struggle between and among various political parties increased. The two major political parties, the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal United Marxist Leninist (CPN-UML), and other political parties formed different alliances to claim paramount state power. Most of the time, during the multi-party democratic period, the Nepali Congress was in power; nevertheless, it could not complete even single full term of its tenure in the government following a split in the party. Because of this power struggle among the major political forces, ethnic groups such as Rai, Magar, Limbu, Tamang, Sherpa, Newar, Tharu, and Madhesi, which formerly had been oppressed by the center, were able to assert themselves politically. The weakening state structure also resulted in a less effective control of the Nepal-India border. Such a less effective control rapidly increased cross-border movements of arms, ammunitions, explosives, and other smuggl ed goods. This was a fertile environment for the Maoists to launch their violent ideological struggle. Many people from rural areas moved to neighboring India for greater security and employment. This situation also created a huge number of Internally Displaced People (IDP) within different parts of Nepal When the state grew further weaker, different groups and individuals started arranging for their own security. This also provided incentives to the Maoists for military preparations. The establishment of a Maoist Militia to defend themselves and fight against their enemies threatened the states security apparatus and other groups at community level, resulting in doubling the size of Nepals military and lead as well to the formation of anti-Maoists community defense forces at the local level. This again galvanized an upsurge of the Maoists military structure and a resulting armed violence creating a vicious cycle of security dilemma. At times, community defense forces exhibited offensive capabilities, even if they were formed for defensive purposes. This intensified the security concern caused by the Maoists.  [6]   Nepal was a multi-ethnic fabric woven by a thread of a common language, religion, and tradition obtained through the unification process. During some thirty years of authoritarian rule, from 1960 through 1990, the Panchayat system was relatively successful in consolidating a nation-state based on a single language, religion, and culture; intermingling various ethnic groups throughout the country. However, the melting pot did not completely melt everything in the pot and Nepalese leaders were unable to produce a homogeneous mixture. Some ethnic groups such as the Brahmins and Chhetries intermingled with other ethnic minorities throughout the country while some other ethnic minorities existed in a separate ethnic-geography. Many ethnic groups did not raise secessionist demands; whereas other ethnic non-integrated groups were on and off raising their secessionist demands. At times, these secessionist demands weakened because of the some effects of intermingling with other ethnic communi ties. After establishment of the multi-party democracy in 1990, as a result of a third wave of democratization, ethnic minorities started to demand their rights in a now more liberal political, social, and economic environment. Among various ethnic groups, the Magars in the western part of Nepal became more aggressive and consequently were effectively utilized by the Maoists to initiate their armed struggle. Second, political factors such as the dimensions of discriminatory political institutions; exclusionary national ideologies; inter-group politics; and elite politics serve to explain the Nepalese conflict. The closed authoritarian Panchayat system generated much resentment over time because many minority ethnic groups viewed the system serving primarily the interests of higher caste groups, such as Brahmins and Chhetries. The perceived disproportionate representations of ethnic minorities in government, the military, the police, the political parties, and other state and political institutions created substantial grievances in them. The ethnic conflict grew especially during the political transitioning from authoritarian rule to democracy in the early 1990s. The states repressive attitude during the democratic transitioning as well contributed to propagate insurgency in Nepal. While there were no exclusionary national ideologies per se, the lack of pragmatic implementation of egalitarian principles enshrined in the constitution and civil code contributed the outbreak of the conflict. Although the Nepalese people usually demonstrated civic-nationalism while protesting against foreign interference, the ethno-nationalism prevailed when the institutional vacuum occurred due a drastic political change. But, so far, the ethno-nationalism has not progressed towards an intense secessionist movement. It is pertinent to mention here that the Nepalese exclusionary practices were based on the caste system rather than on religious or ethnic grounds. Occasionally, Nepal experienced inter-group politics especially between Madheshi and non-Madheshi groups, but elite politics played a dominant role most of the time. Desperate and opportunist politicians always tried to take advantage of political and economic turmoil. For instance, the Maoists took advantage of fragile pol itical and economic situations to start their armed revolution. Third, economic and social factors also played important roles in initiating conflict in Nepal. Nepal remains an agrarian society and lacks an infrastructure for a market-based economic development in most parts of the country. Tourism is one of the important sources of income and employment, after agriculture. Over the last decades, foreign employment and remittance have become the main sources of national revenues. After the establishment of a democratic system in 1990, the aspirations of people for economic development went up astronomically. Nevertheless, peoples aspirations could not be met because of the lack of political stability, clear vision, commitment, and political consensus. Rather, unemployment, inflation, and resource competition provided the breeding ground for the conflict. Failure to jump start economic development by the new political elites contributed to an ever deepening political crisis. The failure to adopt an all-inclusive economic policy widened the gap bet ween rich and poor. Peoples from the oppressed community, scheduled caste, and minority ethnic groups did not have a stake in the countrys economic activities. Corruption, mismanagement, nepotism, and bribery moved the economic situations from bad to worse. Although there was no profound discriminatory economic policy, unequal economic opportunities, unequal access to resources, and vast differences in the standard of living were seen as unfair and illegitimate by the disadvantaged members of the society. Lastly, cultural or perceptual factors also had a considerable impact on the evolution of ethnic problems. Cultural discrimination against minorities was one of the principal, contributing cultural factors for ethnic conflict. The people from different ethnic groups found the educational opportunities inequitable; especially, teaching in minority languages became problematic because of lack of resources and investment. The Madheshi felt the compulsory Nepali language in school as languistic colonialism. Ethnic groups such as Magars, Gurungs, Rai, Limbu, Tamang, Newar, Maithili, and Bhojpuri wanted teaching in their own languages. Group histories and group perceptions also played a role in triggering conflict. Brahmin, Chhetrie, Thakuries and some other martial castes considered themselves the creators of a unified Nepal and took great pride in their nationalist feelings; whereas, other ethnic groups such as the Newar, who were defeated and subjugated during the unification process, c onsidered themselves apart from such glory. Proximate Causes of the Nepalese Conflict While the aforementioned underlying factors have been essential to explain what situations and conditions led to ethnic conflict in Nepal, the proximate causes of internal conflict are more convincing in explaining the ultimate triggers. One of the major proximate causes of Nepalese conflict was the persistent, internal problem of governance after the establishment of democracy in 1990, such as rampant corruption. The power vacuum created by removing the king from the center of state power galvanized many political parties to rush for power. The political parties created various alliances to remain in power in order to serve their personal or partisan interests. This situation made the government unable to cope with societal demands and ameliorate peoples stark challenges. However, a threatening security dilemma did formerly not exist in Nepal; however, as Nepal was not created from the rubble of a larger entity or gained independence from a colonial power. Rather, the government dee mphasized the military structure inherited from the previous Panchayat system, considering it unimportant in the new democratic environment. The government clearly showed skepticism to take ownership of the military. The deemphasizing of the military on one hand, and the emergence of a power struggle between, and among, elites on the other hand, triggered the initiation of ethnicity-based movements all over the country by desperate and opportunistic politicians thereby, preparing the ground for insurgency. As there was a lack of coordination and cooperation between the civilians and the military, the growth of ethnic movements and ineffectiveness of states mechanisms provided the breeding ground for the onset of the insurgency. The Maoists were able to transplant their communist ideology effectively into the ethnic movement. Thus, the energy created by the ethnic movement proved to be a force multiplier for the Maoists to advance their communist agenda. The issues, especially relate d to the inequality, exclusiveness, and discrimination formed basic grievances for different ethnic groups.  [7]  Despite the global declining trend of ideology as a source of conflict, the Maoists were successful in creating a fusionist violent movement by ingeniously combining ethnic conflict and communist ideology. Social and economic problems such as sharp competition for the scarce resources, the increasing divide between the poor and rich, and social, caste-based, inequalities and exclusiveness were the catalyst for the initiation and the growth of the internal conflict in Nepal. The Roles of Elites in the Nepalese Conflict While social and economic problems provided the underlying causes, the internal and external elite-level and mass level factors were more responsible to trigger the conflict.  [8]  External mass-level factors influenced especially the Terai region of the country. The many people of Indian origin that migrated to the plains area of Nepal along the border compounded ethnic tensions with the other non-Terai population. Although there were bad domestic problems and some bad neighborhood effects, the elite-level factors seemed more responsible than mass-level factors. Internal elite-level factors such as power struggles between different political parties; power struggles between political parties and the king; and ideological contests over how to manage the countrys political, economical, and social conditions among different political parties, played important roles in escalating the conflict. The bad leaders problem, created, in turn, an ethnic problem and subsequently lead to open conflict between, and among the government and different minority, ethnic communities. The major political parties were in the government most of the time, yet they could not lead the country towards a positive direction. Instead, the political leaders split the parties to fulfill their vested interests. The political opportunism led to the creation of many undesirable alliances. Such alliances kept on making, and breaking, government power. Some alliances lasted about a year, where some lasted just a few months. This situation created a fertile environment for an insurgency. The external, elite-level contentions, also played an important role in generating ethnic tensions. The foreign powers attitude towards Nepal, intermingling with domestic politics, covert cooperation with disgruntle political parties triggered the conflicts. These countries always had an interest in Nepal for their own security and not least for the vast water resources available in Nepal. The external powers also wanted to maintain their market monopoly in Nepal to pursue their own economic interests. Although they advocated promotion of democracy in Nepal publicly, claiming themselves as promoters of democracy in the world, democracy never remained a real priority in the face of their own national interests. Their indirect interventions became successful because of the attitude of the pro-foreign power political leaders in Nepal. They overtly did not support the Maoists, but the proxy war launched by them effectively paralyzed the states mechanism and contributed to the conflict in tensification. The bad neighbor effects may not have happened without the discrete and deliberate support by these countries. Although neighboring countries meddling in the Nepalese domestic affairs played an important role for the conflict, without the decisions and actions of the Nepalese domestic elites, the conflict could not have been sparked. The domestic elites conflicts were mainly power struggles and were ideological in nature. However, before the emergence of the Maoist Party, the conflict that erupted between competing elites was in effect only a struggle for power. The burgeoning political parties in the new democratic milieu contended for power and forged alliances between one another for one purpose to become the principal national power. Even within the political parties, the leaders competing and forging alliances were numerous, which contributed frequently to making and breaking of governments. This led to aspirations and grievances of underprivileged and minority ethnic groups, to go unheard and unaddressed, causing serious frustrations and dissatisfactions among these groups. These frust rated ethnic groups as well as some political opportunists unable to grasp power through democratic elections, started movements for the rights of ethnic minorities to gain power by another venue. Analysis of ethnic conflict in Nepal At some point, the ethnic self-images and the images of others played important roles to shape ethnic conflict in Nepal. During the monarchical period, the different ethnic groups co-existed because they shared the mutual history of unification of greater Nepal, and converged into a unified language and national character.  [9]  The Chauvinist mythmaking by the Shah dynasty was a hallmark of civic nationalism that contributed to overshadow the ethnic nationalism to some extent. Until the state was strong, no significant ethnic conflict existed in Nepal; however, the ethnic groups started devising mechanism to protect their groups after the state became weak. In certain degrees, the rise on the ethnic conflict was the result of the self-help mechanism employed by ethnic groups to protect their groups interest when the state failed to provide security. However, the decision to adopt a federal system in Nepal by amending the interim constitution acted as an important confidence building measure to promote the rights and positions of minorities by mitigating the strategic dilemma that would have produced violence.  [10]   The third wave of democratization changed the Nepalese political system and institutions as it swept throughout the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and South Asia. The establishment of a liberal democratic institution and globalization changed the social structure in many of the countries around the world. The drastic change in political and economic structure broke existing social contracts resulting in resentment as well as opportunity, and provided fertile ground for the Nepalese political entrepreneurs to mobilize support around ethnic and sectarian identities leading to ethnic conflict.  [11]  Before the beginning of democratization, the ethnic issues were weak and limited among the people at large in Nepal. The political transitioning and democratization in 1990 provided elites ethnicity as a tool to harness popular energies for securing state power as more voters began to play a larger role in politics.  [12]  This led to ethnic conflict when contested elections we re held and varieties of political groups criticized the governmentand each other. Although the new constitution addressed the issue of minority rights, they did not feel their rights guaranteed because the privileged groups showed reluctance to surrender real political authority enjoyed by them versus that of the average Nepali citizen. Thus, initial steps in the rocky transition to democracy increased the risk for ethnic conflict when the immature political parties indulged simply in parochial party politics. Although many ethnic groups were demanding an ethnically-based federal state, only some sections of Madheshi had occasionally demanded an autonomous state with the right of self-determination. This section of the Madheshi people felt that the control of Terai region ensures their survival by protecting group identity. Since the Terai region was populated with Madheshi people and was considered their homeland, they launched a violent conflict when their interests clashed with those of the Maoists. Yet, some of the non-Madheshi groups and some factions within the Madheshi community heavily criticized this idea. Also, for the state, the control of territory was vital for physical survival.  [13]  However, after realizing the state would oppose their sovereignty demands with violence if necessary, these Madheshi backed down from their demand and contended for an autonomous region. It appears that Indian interests also might have played an important role to forgo the right for self-de termination, because such an action might lead to an intensification of a similar demand in an already contested situation in India. The Terai region being the breadbasket and strategically vital Nepal tract of land, the State was likely to use any means and level of violence to secure its control. The Madheshi uprising gained momentum after the Maoists entered the political main stream. The uprising was widely believed to be covertly backed by India primarily for two reasons. First, India wanted to counter the Maoists growing influence over the Terai region. Second, India wanted to exert its influence and control on the Terai region so that it could influence Nepals internal politics. When the Maoists tried to counter the Madheshi activities in the Terai, they faced fierce opposition, and violence broke out. Hostilities targeted the non-Madheshi people living in the Terai region, and many people fled to other areas leaving their homes. The mix of Madheshi and non-Madheshi populations raised the risk of inter- communal conflict during the violent Terai movement started in Gaur.  [14]  However, the rejection of secessionist demands by Madhesh-based political parties and patience from non-Madheshi groups, controlled violence from spreading further. The risk of communal violen ce was not observed in other multi-ethnic parts of the country. The two centuries of cordial intermingling among diverse ethnic groups and three decades of consolidation of civic nationalism under the Panchayat system based on single language and tradition, hardly left any room for a bottom-up demand for ethnic mobilization in Nepal. Certainly, there was ethnic awareness in Nepal, but it would, most likely not have evolved into organized political competition without being capitalized on by the political elites. As Jessica Pimbo asserts, Enduring ethnological cleavages were not likely to occur in the absence of political parties that attempt to mobilize ethnicity.  [15]   The dynamics of massive mobilization of ethnic groups for group-level purposes is not very clear. Altruistic and chauvinist leaders identified with specific groups seem to forgo their individual self-interests while seeking group interests. The subjective identity seems to go along with group identity rather than objective identity, which may only deal with an individuals life history. According to the logic of collective action, the group interests and the personal interest cannot progress concurrently, and most of group-oriented activities do not commensurate with group interests. Thus, alignment of group and self-interest leads to spirals of violence, and a groups betterment comes only at the cost of others. This leads invariably to zero-sum, or even negative-sum, situations in which nobody gains from the conflict.  [16]   The presence of rightist, centrist, and leftist ideologically-based political parties, such as the Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP), the Nepali Congress (NC), and various Communist Parties created tension over the organization of political, economic, and social affairs in Nepal. The ideological tensions existed between hardline communist parties and other political parties. The ideologies were mainly based on economic and class terms, creating struggles over how political, economic, and social affairs should be organized to create a New Nepal.  [17]  Although class-based movements with communist agendas were dwindling in many parts of the world, the Nepalese rebel movement transplanted into the political agendas of indigenous people and ethnic minorities was burgeoning. The Nepal Communist Party (Maoists) emerged because of political, economic, and cultural discrimination; widespread dissatisfaction, inequitable distribution of resources and disproportionate economic development. The Maoists effectively and efficiently utilized the energy and momentum gathered by the different ethnic groups political movements and gave voice to those ethnic minorities agenda with their own. As the amalgamated movement was progressing under the leadership of the Maoists, the government started repressing the movements rather than addressing the underlying causes for the conflict. This approach further propagated the movement and finally resulted in political negotiations; and, ultimately resulted in establishing the Maoists as a largest political party in the country. This movement attempted to shift civic-nationalism to ethno-nationalism in Nepal, and provided the political elites with powerful incentive to play the ethnic card. The mounting economic problem constituted the main reason for people to initially follow an ethnic movement and subsequently as well, a Maoists agenda which in turn had successively taken over many ethnic groupings. Although there were some traces of inter-group grievances, yet the existence of significant antagonistic group histories did not exist. Existing economic problems such as unemployment, increased inflation, and intensifying resource competitions forced more people to join the armed movement for a radical change in the countrys political course. It is evident that the emergence of elite competition was a major proximate cause, where as the socio-economic problems constituted the core for conflict in Nepal. Intensifying elite competitions and mounting economic problems played a crucial role promoting a strong political movement in Nepal; nevertheless, the movements would not have been successful, had there been homogenous populations and fewer ethnic grievances. In other words, had there been economic advancement like in Malaysia, Indonesia, or Thailand, which had ethnic grievances with a similar intensity as in Nepal, the ethnically energized Maoist conflict would not have occurred or succeeded so easily. Michael E. Brown and et. al assert: Sustained economic growth, which gives groups, even relatively disadvantages groups, incentives to avoid conflict and destruction of a system that is bringing more and more economic benefits.  [18]   With the Maoists armed movement causing the death of more than 13,000 human lives, and the ethnic mobilization as part and parcel of the Maoist insurgency, the Nepalese conflict graduated from an ethnic conflict to a hybrid conflict. It was a fusion of ethnic grievances of various ethnic groups and the ideological movement of the Maoists. This hybrid conflict was successful mainly because of the Maoists stratagem to combine ethnic movement with their ideological precepts acquiring the energy of a fusionist movement to fuel their ideological movement. Since this marriage of convenience was primarily focused on achieving success for the Maoists rather than to take on seriously solutions to existing ethnic issues.

J.B. Priestleys Inspector Calls :: Priestley Inspector Calls Essays

J.B. Priestley's "Inspector Calls" J B Priestley presents the readers with a fascinating play of guilt and innocence, of prejudice and hypocrisy. But there are parts of this play that i fail to understand. Mr and Mrs Birling are a middle class couple with two children, Eric and Shelia. Shelia is engaged to an upper class man named Gerald Croft. It is not everyday that an inspector should turn up at a house filled with people with such a high status. However, Mr Birling and Mr Croft are respected gentlemen, so why does Priestley leave it so unclear to them, and us, as to whether Eva Smith is one person or several? There are many possible answers to this question as different people will have different views and opinions as to why Priestly does this. However, I am going to discuss my interpretations of why he chose to do this. There are certain things that readers must notice to be able to understand the question; â€Å"Does it affect your response to the play that Priestly leaves it unclear whether there is one Eva Smith or several.† For example, the fact that on questioning members of the Birling family and Mr Croft, the inspector insists that only one person sees the photograph at any one time, and that that person must be the one who is being questioned. Of course, it is possible that this is the way in which this particular inspector does his work. However, if he were to let everyone in the Birling household see the picture at the same time, by the time he questioned the other family members they would have had time to react to the picture and would be able to pretend that they didn’t know the girl, whereas dealing with them individually enables the inspector to notice any suspicious behaviour. Also, could it be that there is a political message hidden in this investigation? The actions of Mr and Mrs Birling show that they are unaware of the impact that they have on the lives of people in the working class, such as Eva Smith. They show no sign of remorse or regret, even after hearing that their actions and the selfish decisions of their children and future son-in-law contributed to the killing of a young vulnerable woman. However, if this woman was of a higher status, perhaps their views would be very different. Class was a very important aspect of social life in the 1900s and I believe that the Inspector was trying to show the Birlings and Mr Croft, that it is not the most important thing about people. Eva Smith was working class, she had little money and was lonely.

Safeguarding Case Study

Unit 3 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 2. 3a Case Study Chris works as a teaching assistant in a local primary school. As a group of Year 5 children were getting changed for PE, Chris noticed bruising in lines across the back of a boy called Marc. He asked Marc how he had hurt himself but he said, â€Å"It’s nothing† and quickly put on his top. As Marc left the room he approached Chris and said, â€Å"Please don’t say anything to Mum, or Uncle Paul will be cross with me. * Why does Chris need to take action about this? Describe the action that Chris should take. As Chris works as a teaching assistant and he has seen the bruising on Marcs back, he has to acknowledge that Marc may be being physically abused and this is why he has to report it immediately. Physical abuse is a result of excessive discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate for the childs age. Unfortunately, some children may try to justify for the abusive behaviour or try to hide the physical abuse in fear that it may continue or get worse.If Chris does not act upon what he has seen, it is more than likely that Marc will continue to suffer physical abuse, which if left unreported may have a serious effect on Marcs well-being or life. Therefore, it is Chris’s duty as a teaching assistant to follow the procedures regarding suspected abuse. Chris has to be very sensitive in this case and he has to take what Marc has said very seriously as children rarely lie about physical abuse and it probably took a lot of courage just for Marc to ask Chris not to tell his mum or uncle.It is important for Chris to reassure Marc and tell him that he will have to tell someone who can help him. It is not Chris’s responsibility to draw conclusions, it is only his responsibility to report what he has seen an what he has been told. Chris has a statutory duty under the Education Act 2002, to report his concerns to his senior manager. He is then to write a report explaining exactly what he saw and exactly what was said to him.

History Of St. Joseph Academy Of Valenzuela Essay

In Everythingthere is a beginning and a time for every purpose under the heaven SJAV was founded at the right time and place with heavenly purpose. Sometime in a year of our Lord in nineteen hundred eighty six, a hardworking businessman met a very tragic experience that almost cost his life; without the timely assistance of what percieved as â€Å"Little Angels†. It all started with an unforgettable robbery on june 12, 1986 around 10:00 in the evening at the grocery store Karuhatan Market owned by a generous man named Damaso D. Lopez in which he suffered from a two gun shots wounds in his body and was brought to the hospital. On the way to the hospital he knew that it was just a time for him to take a litle rest after all those untiring work to earn a living. Physicians and surgeons did their very best and done seven operations to save the life of hepless man, and was clinically dead for several seconds on his last operations. But soon he was awakened by the images of the young children wearing white clothes that made him decide and promised to put up a school as soon as he recovered because he believed that it was the sign of his mission here on earth. On that moment of his helplessness, he was with his brother reading the bible from the book of John 12:47 â€Å" I came to save the world and not to condemn.† As he spent more days in the hospital, he noticed another miracle wherein three out of six dried roses in a vase where suddenly starting to bloom and turned into fresh rose while the others remained dry. Similarly the almost dried gladiola flowers from Baguio City which was offered to the grotto of Mt. Carmel, when brought to the hospital bloomed on the very same day of his recovery. Mr. Lopez was in a state of temporary amnesia, when his 6-yr old Daughter Nina visited him at the hospital wearing her school uniform. This prompted him to inquire where she was studying. The child answered that she was under the tutelage of Mrs. Yolanda C. Politico. Thus, his convlescence stage, he invited Mrs. Politico to discuss the feasibility of establishing a school believing that it was the way of giving back all the goodness and blessings God has bestowed upon him. In 1987, with the assistance of Mrs. Politico, he established a Daycare Center using a two-storey Bodega-garage where SJAV is now located. She hired another teacher to start the 1st Batch of more or less 50(fifty) pupils. At The present, the School President together with the help of principal of High School And Grade School Department are serving their very best with the help of the other administrative officials, teacher and non-teaching personnel, in attending to spiritual and educational needs of the students.. In Everythingthere is a beginning and a time for every purpose under the heaven SJAV was founded at the right time and place with heavenly purpose. Sometime in a year of our Lord in nineteen hundred eighty six, a hardworking businessman met a very tragic experience that almost cost his life; without the timely assistance of what percieved as â€Å"Little Angels†. It all started with an unforgettable robbery on june 12, 1986 around 10:00 in the evening at the grocery store Karuhatan Market owned by a generous man named Damaso D. Lopez in which he suffered from a two gun shots wounds in his body and was brought to the hospital. On the way to the hospital he knew that it was just a time for him to take a litle rest after all those untiring work to earn a living. Physicians and surgeons did their very best and done seven operations to save the life of hepless man, and was clinically dead for several seconds on his last operations. But soon he was awakened by the images of the young children wearing white clothes that made him decide and promised to put up a school as soon as he recovered because he believed that it was the sign of his mission here on earth. On that moment of his helplessness, he was with his brother reading the bible from the book of John 12:47 â€Å" I came to save the world and not to condemn.† As he spent more days in the hospital, he noticed another miracle wherein three out of six dried roses in a vase where suddenly starting to bloom and turned into fresh rose while the others remained dry. Similarly the almost dried gladiola flowers from Baguio City which was offered to the grotto of Mt. Carmel, when brought to the hospital bloomed on the very same day of his recovery. Mr. Lopez was in a state of temporary amnesia, when his 6-yr old Daughter Nina visited him at the hospital wearing her school uniform. This prompted him to inquire where she was studying. The child answered that she was under the tutelage of Mrs. Yolanda C. Politico. Thus, his convlescence stage, he invited Mrs. Politico to discuss the feasibility of establishing a school believing that it was the way of giving back all the goodness and blessings God has bestowed upon him. In 1987, with the assistance of Mrs. Politico, he established a Daycare Center using a two-storey Bodega-garage where SJAV is now located. She hired another teacher to start the 1st Batch of more or less 50(fifty) pupils. At The present, the School President together with the help of principal of High School And Grade School Department are serving their very best with the help of the other administrative officials, teacher and non-teaching personnel, in attending to spiritual and educational needs of the students.. Questions: 1.How much the Tuition Fee? > 2.What date that the School has been established? > 3.How many Elementary Teachers have been working? > 4.How many High School Teachers have been working? > 5.How many Students in every Class rooms? > 6.Is your School is supported by the Government? > 7.How many subjects in a day? > 8.What is The Major Subjects?